New terms and their definitions: Course 2 Module 6

• Cloud computing:

  The concept and technological approach of accessing data, using applications, storing files, etc. from anywhere in the world as long as you have an internet connection

• Error detection:

  The ability for a protocol or program to determine that something went wrong

• Error recovery:

  The ability for a protocol or program to attempt to fix an error

• Flow label field:

  20-bit field that's used in conjunction with the traffic class field for routers to make decisions about the quality of service level for a specific datagram

• Hop limit field:

  An 8-bit field that's identical in purpose to the TTL field in an IPv4 header

• Host file:

  A simple text file that consists of one or more lines, each of which contains a hostname and an IP address

• Hybrid cloud:

  A cloud computing environment that combines on-premises private cloud resources with public cloud resources

• Hypervisor:

  A piece of software that runs and manages virtual machines while also offering guests a virtual operating platform that's indistinguishable from actual hardware

• ICMP:

  Internet control message protocol is used by router or remote hosts to communicate error messages when network problems prevent delivery of IP packets

• ICMP payload:

  Piece of the packet which lets the recipient of the message know which of their transmissions caused the error being reported

• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

  A subset of cloud computing where a network and servers are provided for customers to run their services

• IPv6 tunnel brokers:

  Companies that provide IPv6 tunneling endpoints for you, so you don't have to introduce additional equipment to your network

• IPv6 tunnel:

  IPv6 tunnel servers on either end of a connection take incoming IPv6 traffic and encapsulate it within traditional IPv4 datagrams

• Link-local unicast address:

  Allow for local network segment communications and are configured based upon a host's MAC address

• Loopback address:

  An IP address that always points to itself. This type of address is used to test internal pathing through the TCP/IP protocols

• Multicast:

  A way of addressing groups of hosts all at once

• Next header field:

  defines what kind of header is immediately after this current one

• Payload length field:

  16-bit field that defines how long the data payload section of the datagram is

• Platform as a service:

  A subset of cloud computing where a platform is provided for customers to run their services

• Private cloud:

  When a company owns the services and the rest of the cloud infrastructure, whether on-site or in a remote data center

• Public cloud:

  The cloud services provided by a third party

• Public DNS servers:

  Name servers specifically set up so that anyone can use them for free

• Registrar:

  An organization responsible for assigning individual domain names to other organizations or individuals

• Software as a Service (SaaS):

  A way of licensing the use of software to others while keeping that software centrally hosted and managed

• Traffic class field:

  An 8-bit field that defines the type of traffic contained within the IP datagram and allows for different classes of traffic to receive different priorities

• Version field:

  First field in an IP header that specifies the version of IP

• Virtualization:

  A single physical machine called a host runs many individual virtual instances called guests